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Talc Powder and Ovarian Cancer
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There are currently talcum powder lawsuits where women, with a history of usage of talc products; Johnson’s® Baby Powder and Shower to Shower Body Powder on their genitals, were diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Scientific research and the World Health Organization have identified an association between long term genital use of talcum powder and cancer . In June 2013, Cancer Prevention Research published a study that determined women that have a history of using talc containing powder on their genital region have a 20 to 30 percent increased risk of contracting ovarian cancer. Presented with scientific determination, expert testimony, and factual evidence, a court in St. Louis found that Johnson & Johnson neglected to warn people about the risk of ovarian cancer connected with the genital area usage of its talc-based powders. Company documents disclosed during the trial indicate that Johnson & Johnson was aware of the research and attempted to discredit them. The jury awarded $72 million in compensation to the family of a woman who succumbed to ovarian cancer and had a history of using Johnson’s Baby Powder and Shower to Shower® Body Powder.
The Connection Between Talcum Powder & Ovarian Cancer
The earliest scientific research to describe a possible connection between talc and ovarian cancer was reported in 1971. Chronicled were pathology examinations of tissue samples from 10 females diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The scientists discovered talc in each of the tissue samples, a sign that each woman’s talc containing powder had migrated from her external genitalia to her internal organs. Eleven years later, an epidemiological study performed by Dr. Daniel Cramer of Boston’s Brigham & Women’s Hospital demonstrated a statistical link between a history of genital talc containing powder usage and ovarian cancer.
Results of the research reveal an increase in risk of ovarian cancer. An article about Dr. Cramer’s study appeared in the August 12, 1982 issue of The New York Times. The research examined the health history and genital talc use of 215 women that were diagnosed with ovarian cancer and compared them to women who did not use talc. The results indicated an association between the genital use of talc and ovarian cancer. Over the continuing years, no fewer than 15 studies have demonstrated that long term, regular, genital application of talc-containing products by women posed a 33% increase of the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Though a few studies have implied no link between the use of baby powder and ovarian cancer, these studies have been discredited for not holding into account the length of time and frequency of talc usage which is the only true measurement of a woman’s exposure to talc.
Asbestos and Ovarian Cancer
During the formal discovery part of recent litigation involving Johnson & Johnson, information has come to light that expose company concerns over asbestos contaminated talc that dates back several decades and that the company conducted an intense effort to degrade test results, scientific papers and other information that talc in its Baby Powder contained asbestos. That Johnson & Johnsons Baby Powder® and Shower to Shower body powder, in addition to other brands of talc containing powders could have been contaminated with asbestos, has re-focused much of the nationwide litigation. Though most asbestos lawsuits and claims focus on work, military and industrial-related risk to asbestos, and asbestos related products as causing mesothelioma, the growing recent litigation is now focusing on the link between asbestos, talc and ovarian cancer.
Focusing on both the factual and scientific links between risk to asbestos contaminated talc powders and the development of ovarian cancer, the legal effort is evolving and being joined by hundreds women who have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
Additional Information Regarding Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian Cancer and Its Subtypes
Ovarian cancer is a generic phrase which includes several subtypes that are identified and distinguishable by their different characteristics and their location. The majority of ovarian cancer is located in the epithelium, which is the layer of tissue which surrounds the ovary. Almost ninety percent of all ovarian cancers are observed in the epithelium. There are numerous subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancers which includes serous cell and endometrioid.
Another subtype is peritoneal ovarian cancer. A small percentage of ovarian cancer issues start in the peritoneum that is bodily tissue that is separate and away from the ovaries. The peritoneum is a thin membrane that surrounds, protects, and assists in supporting the abdominal organs including all of the reproductive organs.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancers
The most frequent type of ovarian cancer are the epithelial cancers, all that are located in the epithelium — the layer of tissue that covers the ovary. In this group are the following subtypes:
Serous cell epithelial ovarian cancer
This is the most frequent subtype of all epithelial ovarian cancer, at approximately sixty percent of newly discovered cases of ovarian cancer. When diagnosed, serous cell epithelial ovarian cancer is frequently classified as either low grade or high grade determined by the nuclei and mitotic characteristics of the cells.
Endometrioid ovarian cancer
This subtype is known by its connection to the endometrium, which is the membrane that is the interior lining of the uterus. Endometrioid ovarian cancer can frequently develop in connection with other cancers, diseases, or abnormalities affecting the endometrium such as endometriosis.
Mucinous, Clear Cell, and Unclassified/Undifferentiated
Those 3 are less common subtypes of ovarian cancer. Though recognizable for diagnostic purposes, the prescribed treatment for each is the same.
Peritoneal Ovarian Cancers
Peritoneal ovarian cancer begins outside of the ovaries, in one or more areas of the peritoneum tissue. It might expand to other areas in the abdomen which includes, in some cases, the ovaries. The peritoneum is a membrane that surrounds, guards, and assists in the supporting of the abdominal organs which includes, for women, the uterus and all of the other female reproductive organs. The peritoneum consists of epithelial cells and, in this way, is similar to the epithelium tissue that surrounds the ovaries. Because of this, treatment of epithelial and peritoneal cancers is commonly similar. However, peritoneal cancer could be confined to the peritoneum and not affect the ovaries. It may develop in women that have had their ovaries removed. Primary peritoneal cancer may occur anywhere in the peritoneum and not include the ovaries.
Peritoneal ovarian cancer generally means that cancer cells are present in both the peritoneum and one or both ovaries. The serous cell lining of the ovaries and the serous cell composition of the peritoneum signal each other and, in this manner, cancer cells could move, through shedding or other processes, between the two. When cancer cells appear in both of the ovaries and the peritoneum, the diagnosis is peritoneal ovarian cancer.
Staging of Ovarian Cancers
Once ovarian cancer is diagnosed, peritoneal, it’s then staged to understand its severity and potential treatment options. A frequent ovarian cancer staging protocol is as follows:
Stage I — Presence of the cancer is limited to the ovary or ovaries.
Stage IA — Presence is limited to one ovary while the tumor is confined to the interior of the ovary. There is no cancer on the outer surface of the ovary. There are no ascites present that contain malignant cells. The capsule is intact.
Stage IB — Growth is limited to both ovaries minus any tumor on their outer area. There are no ascites observed containing malignant cells. The capsule is intact.
Stage IC — The tumor is determined as either Stage IA or IB and one or more of the following appear: tumor is observed on the outside surface of one or both ovaries; the capsule has ruptured; and there are ascites that contain malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings.
Stage II — Growth of the cancer involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension.
Stage IIA — The cancer has expanded to and includes the uterus or the fallopian tubes, or both.
Stage IIB — The cancer has extended to other pelvic organs.
Stage IIC — The tumor is classified as either Stage IIA or IIB and one or more of the following appear: tumor is present on the outside surface of one or both ovaries; the capsule has ruptured; and there are ascites that include malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings.
Stage III — Growth of the cancer involves one or both ovaries, and one or both of the following are appearing: the cancer has migrated beyond the pelvis to the lining of the abdomen; and the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. The tumor is confined to the true pelvis but with histologically proven malignant migration to the small bowel or omentum.
Stage IIIA — During the staging operation, the doctor might observe cancer including one or both of the ovaries, yet no cancer is grossly visible in the abdomen and it hasn’t moved to lymph nodes. However, when biopsies are observed under a microscope, very tiny amounts of cancer are found in the abdominal peritoneal surfaces.
Stage IIIB — The cancer is in one or both ovaries, and deposits of cancer are present in the abdomen that are big enough for the surgeon to observe but not exceeding 1 inch in size. The cancer hasn’t expanded to the lymph nodes.
Stage IIIC — The tumor is in one or both ovaries, and one or both of the following is present: the cancer has migrated to lymph nodes; and the amounts of cancer exceed 1 inch in diameter and are discovered in the abdomen.
Stage IV — This is the most advanced stage of ovarian cancer. Growth of the cancer involves one or both ovaries and distant metastases have occurred. Finding ovarian cancer cells in pleural fluid is also evidence of stage IV disease.
The Connection Between Talcum Powder & Ovarian Cancer
The earliest scientific research to describe a possible connection between talc and ovarian cancer was reported in 1971. Chronicled were pathology examinations of tissue samples from 10 females diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The scientists discovered talc in each of the tissue samples, a sign that each woman’s talc containing powder had migrated from her external genitalia to her internal organs. Eleven years later, an epidemiological study performed by Dr. Daniel Cramer of Boston’s Brigham & Women’s Hospital demonstrated a statistical link between a history of genital talc containing powder usage and ovarian cancer.
Results of the research reveal an increase in risk of ovarian cancer. An article about Dr. Cramer’s study appeared in the August 12, 1982 issue of The New York Times. The research examined the health history and genital talc use of 215 women that were diagnosed with ovarian cancer and compared them to women who did not use talc. The results indicated an association between the genital use of talc and ovarian cancer. Over the continuing years, no fewer than 15 studies have demonstrated that long term, regular, genital application of talc-containing products by women posed a 33% increase of the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Though a few studies have implied no link between the use of baby powder and ovarian cancer, these studies have been discredited for not holding into account the length of time and frequency of talc usage which is the only true measurement of a woman’s exposure to talc.
Asbestos and Ovarian Cancer
During the formal discovery part of recent litigation involving Johnson & Johnson, information has come to light that expose company concerns over asbestos contaminated talc that dates back several decades and that the company conducted an intense effort to degrade test results, scientific papers and other information that talc in its Baby Powder contained asbestos. That Johnson & Johnsons Baby Powder® and Shower to Shower body powder, in addition to other brands of talc containing powders could have been contaminated with asbestos, has re-focused much of the nationwide litigation. Though most asbestos lawsuits and claims focus on work, military and industrial-related risk to asbestos, and asbestos related products as causing mesothelioma, the growing recent litigation is now focusing on the link between asbestos, talc and ovarian cancer.
Focusing on both the factual and scientific links between risk to asbestos contaminated talc powders and the development of ovarian cancer, the legal effort is evolving and being joined by hundreds women who have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
Additional Information Regarding Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian Cancer and Its Subtypes
Ovarian cancer is a generic phrase which includes several subtypes that are identified and distinguishable by their different characteristics and their location. The majority of ovarian cancer is located in the epithelium, which is the layer of tissue which surrounds the ovary. Almost ninety percent of all ovarian cancers are observed in the epithelium. There are numerous subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancers which includes serous cell and endometrioid.
Another subtype is peritoneal ovarian cancer. A small percentage of ovarian cancer issues start in the peritoneum that is bodily tissue that is separate and away from the ovaries. The peritoneum is a thin membrane that surrounds, protects, and assists in supporting the abdominal organs including all of the reproductive organs.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancers
The most frequent type of ovarian cancer are the epithelial cancers, all that are located in the epithelium — the layer of tissue that covers the ovary. In this group are the following subtypes:
Serous cell epithelial ovarian cancer
This is the most frequent subtype of all epithelial ovarian cancer, at approximately sixty percent of newly discovered cases of ovarian cancer. When diagnosed, serous cell epithelial ovarian cancer is frequently classified as either low grade or high grade determined by the nuclei and mitotic characteristics of the cells.
Endometrioid ovarian cancer
This subtype is known by its connection to the endometrium, which is the membrane that is the interior lining of the uterus. Endometrioid ovarian cancer can frequently develop in connection with other cancers, diseases, or abnormalities affecting the endometrium such as endometriosis.
Mucinous, Clear Cell, and Unclassified/Undifferentiated
Those 3 are less common subtypes of ovarian cancer. Though recognizable for diagnostic purposes, the prescribed treatment for each is the same.
Peritoneal Ovarian Cancers
Peritoneal ovarian cancer begins outside of the ovaries, in one or more areas of the peritoneum tissue. It might expand to other areas in the abdomen which includes, in some cases, the ovaries. The peritoneum is a membrane that surrounds, guards, and assists in the supporting of the abdominal organs which includes, for women, the uterus and all of the other female reproductive organs. The peritoneum consists of epithelial cells and, in this way, is similar to the epithelium tissue that surrounds the ovaries. Because of this, treatment of epithelial and peritoneal cancers is commonly similar. However, peritoneal cancer could be confined to the peritoneum and not affect the ovaries. It may develop in women that have had their ovaries removed. Primary peritoneal cancer may occur anywhere in the peritoneum and not include the ovaries.
Peritoneal ovarian cancer generally means that cancer cells are present in both the peritoneum and one or both ovaries. The serous cell lining of the ovaries and the serous cell composition of the peritoneum signal each other and, in this manner, cancer cells could move, through shedding or other processes, between the two. When cancer cells appear in both of the ovaries and the peritoneum, the diagnosis is peritoneal ovarian cancer.
Staging of Ovarian Cancers
Once ovarian cancer is diagnosed, peritoneal, it’s then staged to understand its severity and potential treatment options. A frequent ovarian cancer staging protocol is as follows:
Stage I — Presence of the cancer is limited to the ovary or ovaries.
Stage IA — Presence is limited to one ovary while the tumor is confined to the interior of the ovary. There is no cancer on the outer surface of the ovary. There are no ascites present that contain malignant cells. The capsule is intact.
Stage IB — Growth is limited to both ovaries minus any tumor on their outer area. There are no ascites observed containing malignant cells. The capsule is intact.
Stage IC — The tumor is determined as either Stage IA or IB and one or more of the following appear: tumor is observed on the outside surface of one or both ovaries; the capsule has ruptured; and there are ascites that contain malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings.
Stage II — Growth of the cancer involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension.
Stage IIA — The cancer has expanded to and includes the uterus or the fallopian tubes, or both.
Stage IIB — The cancer has extended to other pelvic organs.
Stage IIC — The tumor is classified as either Stage IIA or IIB and one or more of the following appear: tumor is present on the outside surface of one or both ovaries; the capsule has ruptured; and there are ascites that include malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings.
Stage III — Growth of the cancer involves one or both ovaries, and one or both of the following are appearing: the cancer has migrated beyond the pelvis to the lining of the abdomen; and the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. The tumor is confined to the true pelvis but with histologically proven malignant migration to the small bowel or omentum.
Stage IIIA — During the staging operation, the doctor might observe cancer including one or both of the ovaries, yet no cancer is grossly visible in the abdomen and it hasn’t moved to lymph nodes. However, when biopsies are observed under a microscope, very tiny amounts of cancer are found in the abdominal peritoneal surfaces.
Stage IIIB — The cancer is in one or both ovaries, and deposits of cancer are present in the abdomen that are big enough for the surgeon to observe but not exceeding 1 inch in size. The cancer hasn’t expanded to the lymph nodes.
Stage IIIC — The tumor is in one or both ovaries, and one or both of the following is present: the cancer has migrated to lymph nodes; and the amounts of cancer exceed 1 inch in diameter and are discovered in the abdomen.
Stage IV — This is the most advanced stage of ovarian cancer. Growth of the cancer involves one or both ovaries and distant metastases have occurred. Finding ovarian cancer cells in pleural fluid is also evidence of stage IV disease.
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